The Plagues:
- Water turned to blood. The water of the Nile turned into blood, causing the fish to die and making it unsuitable for consumption.
- Frogs. The land was overrun by frogs.
- Gnats. The dust of the earth was turned into gnats, which infested man and beast, but not the Israelites.
- Flies. Uncountable flies were set loose, filling the buildings and houses of the Egyptians and covering the ground on which they stood.
- Pestilence. Livestock was afflicted with pestilence and all the livestock of the Egyptians died, but not those animals belonging to the Israelites.
- Boils. Moses and his brother Aaron took double-handfuls of soot from a furnace and threw it into the air. It turned into fine dust and caused festering boils on the Egyptians and their animals.
- Hail. Hail rained upon Egypt, striking down man and beast alike. Every growing thing was smashed except in the land of the Israelites where not a single hailstone fell.
- Locusts. Huge swarms of locusts covered the land and ate everything not destroyed by the hail.
- Darkness. Darkness fell upon the land, a darkness so dense it could be felt. The Egyptians could not see or move for three days.
- Death of the firstborn. Every firstborn in the land died; from the firstborn of the pharaoh to the firstborn of the servants and the animals, but not among the Israelites.